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The stone man disease: fibrodysplasia ossificans progressiva Fibrodysplasia ossificans progressiva (FOP), also called Münchmeyer disease, is an extremely rare connective tissue disease in which fibrous connective tissue such as muscle, tendons, and ligaments turn into bone tissue. It is the only known medical condition where one organ system changes into another. It is a severe, disabling disorder with no cure or treatment. FOP is caused by a mutation of the gene ACVR1. The mutation affects the body's repair mechanism, causing fibrous tissue including muscle, tendons, and ligaments to become ossified, either spontaneously or when damaged as the result of trauma. In many cases, otherwise minor injuries can cause joints to become permanently fused as new bone forms, replacing the damaged muscle tissue. This new bone formation (known as "heterotopic ossification") eventually forms a secondary skeleton and progressively restricts the patient's ability to move. Medical_doctors Channel

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The central nervous system (CNS) consists of the two major structures: the brain and spinal cord. The brain is encased in the skull, and protected by the cranium. The spinal cord is continuous with the brain and lies caudally to the brain. It is protected by the vertebrae. Medical_doctors Channel

Position of the thyroid gland in the neck The thyroid, or thyroid gland, is an endocrine gland. It is in the neck and consists of two connected lobes. The lower two thirds of the lobes are connected by a thin band of tissue called the thyroid isthmus. The thyroid gland is located in the anterior neck and spans the C5-T1 vertebrae. It consists of two lobes (left and right), which are connected by a central isthmus anteriorly – this produces a butterfly-shape appearance. The lobes of the thyroid gland are wrapped around the cricoid cartilage and superior rings of the trachea. The gland is located within the visceral compartment of the neck (along with the trachea, oesophagus and pharynx). This compartment is bound by the pretracheal fascia. Medical_doctors Channel

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Pneumopericardium Medical_doctors Channel

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The extraordinary scans that reveal what being fat does to human Medical_doctors Channel

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Types of generalized paralysis based on the extent of paralysis: • Monoplegia • Hemiplegia • Diplegia • Paraplegia • Quadriplegia Medical_doctors Channel

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The visual pathway consists of the retina, optic nerves, optic chiasm, optic tracts, lateral geniculate bodies, optic radiations, and visual cortex. The pathway is, effectively, part of the central nervous system. Medical_doctors Channel

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Schematic representation of normal sinus rhythm showing standard wave, segments, and intervals Normal sinus rhythm (NSR) is defined as the rhythm of a healthy heart. It means the electrical pulse from the sinus node is being properly transmitted throughout the heart muscle. Medical_doctors Channel

Achilles tendon rupture The Achilles tendon or heel cord, also known as the calcaneal tendon, is a tendon at the back of the lower leg, and is the thickest in the human body. It serves to attach the plantaris, gastrocnemius (calf) and soleus muscles to the calcaneus (heel) bone. These muscles, acting via the tendon, cause plantar flexion of the foot at the ankle joint, and (except the soleus) flexion at the knee. A rupture of the tendon is a tearing and separation of the tendon fibers so that the tendon can no longer perform its normal function. An Achilles tendon rupture injury is when the tendon fibres tear, causing pain and loss of function. A rupture can be either partial or complete. Treatment may involve surgery. Medical_doctors Channel

The Apgar score is a quick way for doctors to evaluate the health of all newborns at 1 and 5 minutes after birth. The Apgar score is determined by evaluating the newborn baby on five simple criteria on a scale from zero to two, then summing up the five values thus obtained. The resulting score ranges from zero to 10. The five criteria are: Appearance, Pulse, Grimace, Activity and Respiration Medical_doctors Channel

Fibrolipid plaque with necrotic core in the LAD (Left anterior descending) coronary artery, intraplaque hemorrhage and recanalized thrombus Medical_doctors Channel

Toxic megacolon in a patient with ulcerative colitis. The patient subsequently underwent a colectomy. Medical_doctors Channel

Normal intervertebral disc (Top) vs. Degenerated intervertebral disc (bottom) Medical_doctors Channel

Peripheral blood smear showing an adorable blood cell with a heart-shaped nucleus Medical_doctors Channel